MEXICAN IMMIGRATION POLICY FACING THE CENTRAL AMERICAN CHALLENGE 2018-2019 José María Ramos
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Published:
Dec 16, 2019
Keywords:
mexican migratory policy, migration, central america, united states
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Abstract
The general objective of this working paper is to analyze the immigration policy of the Mexican State on the southern border of Mexico and its relationship with the United States government from the new Mexican federal administration in December 2018. The argument to be contrasted states that Mexico’s new immigration policy is more associated with a border security approach than a human
security policy.
The general themes that are developed to underpin the general objective are: 1) The context of multidimensional insecurity on the southern border, analyzes the multidimensional problem on the southern Mexican border; 2) Southern Border Programme: policies and limitations, some features of previous programmes towards the southern border are examined. 3) Background and context of the new Mexican immigration policy, 2014-2018, the Special Migration Program and the objectives of the new mexican state’s migration policy are analyzed as a background:2018-2019, 4) The Plan for Integral Development of Central America, context and public policy options, analyzes the second priority of the Mexican migration agenda;
5) Border security policy in the new federal administration and the relationship with the United States, 2019, examines the main features of the current Mexican and Us border security policy, 6) Redefining the relationship with the United States in immigration policy highlights the main features of the binational migration agreement to control Central American irregular migration, 7) Some impacts of Mexico’s new immigration cooperation agenda with the United States examine the main impacts of the implementation of current Mexican immigration policy as part of its relationship with the United States.
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Ramos García, J. M., Barrachina Lisón, C., & Ramos Valencia, J. E. (2019). MEXICAN IMMIGRATION POLICY FACING THE CENTRAL AMERICAN CHALLENGE 2018-2019 José María Ramos. Iuris Tantum, 33(30), 189–225. https://doi.org/10.36105/iut.2019n30.11
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Iuris Tantum is distributed under international Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
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Sur de México. Seguridad, Migración Centroamericana y Políticas Estadounidenses.”
Informe de WOLA. Washington.
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Compartidas.” Instituto de Investigaciones Estratégicas de La Armada
de México.
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Miami. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=104
4&context=whemsac.
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Mexico’s Crackdown on Migration at Its Southern Border.” Washington.
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central-american-migration-u-s-policy/.
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in Central America.” In Crime and Violence in Central America’s Northern
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Center. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/
publication/FINAL PDF_CARSI REPORT.pdf.
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Initiative — Losing the Good Fight: When Good Intentions Are Not
Enough.” In Crime and Violence in Central America’s Northern Triangle.
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Studies 1 (1 (7)): 15804. https://doi.org/10.12775/cjps.2015.01.11.
RAMOS-GARCIA, Jose Maria; BARRACHINA LISON, Carlos, and RAMOS
VALENCIA, Jimmy Emmanuel. 2020. “The Southern Border of Mexico:
Problems and Challenges of National Security and Its Different Dimensions
1.” Política, Globalidad y Ciudadanía. 6 (12): 102–27. https://doi.org/https://
doi.org/10.29105/pgc6.12-6.
SEELKE, Clare Ribando, and FINKLEA, Kristin. 2017. “U. S. - Mexican Security
Cooperation: The Mérida Initiative and Beyond.” Washington. https://fas.
org/sgp/crs/row/R41349.pdf.
SOLIS, Gustavo. 2019. “Remain in Mexico Has a 0.1% Asylum Grant Rate .” Los
Angeles Times, December 15, 2019. https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/
story/2019-12-15/remain-in-mexico-has-a-0-01-percent-asylum-grant-rate.
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American Workers, Taxpayers, And Sovereignty.” Washington. https://
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agenda-protects-american-workers-taxpayers-sovereignty/.
TORRES, Mauricio. 2019. “AMLO Plantea Dar Más Dinero a Ejército y Marina,
y 59,000 Mdp a Seguridad.” Expansión Política, september 9, 2019. https://
politica.expansion.mx/mexico/2019/09/09/amlo-presupuesto-seguridad-
2020-guardia-nacional.
Washington Office on Latin America. 2015. “Report: Increased Enforcement at
Mexico’s Southern Border.” Washington. https://www.wola.org/analysis/
new-report-increased-enforcement-at-mexicos-southern-border/.
Womens Refugee Commision. 2019. “Moreover, the Program Violates U.S. Treaty
Obligations as It Puts Refugees at Risk of Refoulement or Return to Their
Country of Persecution as Well as the Prohibition on Returning Individuals
to Any Country Where They May Face Persecution.” Washington.
Obrador: Ceder Ante Estados Unidos o Afectar La Economía - The New York
Times.” New York Times, June 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/es/2019/06/07/
espanol/america-latina/aranceles-mexico-estados-unidos.html.
ARMIJO CANTO, Natalia. 2011. “Frontera Sur de México: Los Retos Múltiples
de La Diversidad.” In Migración y Seguridad: Nuevo Desafío En México.,
edited by Natalia Armijo Canto, Primera, 35–51. Mexico: Colectivo de Análisis
de la Seguridad con Democracia, CASEDE. https://www.casede.org/
PublicacionesCasede/MigracionySeguridad/cap2.pdf.
ARRATIA SANDOVAL, Esteban. 2016. “The New Hideout of Cockroaches? The
Expansion of the Mexican Organized Crime in the Northern Triangle of Central
America.” Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad
11 (2): 161–85. https://doi.org/10.18359/ries.1875.
ARRIOLA VEGA, Luis Alfredo. 2019. “López Obrador´s Initial Policies Toward
Central American Migrants: Implications for the U.S.” Migration Studies and
Transborder Processes Group. Houston. https://doi.org/10.25613/t9s0-hk44.
Banco Interamericano para el Desarrollo. 2015. “Construyendo Confianza, Creando
Oportunidades. Principales Avances y Logros 2015-1017.” El Salvador.
https://www.acnur.org/fileadmin/Documentos/ BDL/2016/10889.pdf.
BARRACHINA, Carlos; MONJARAZ, Alejandro, and RAMOS VALENCIA,
Jimmy Emmanuel. 2013. “Dinámicas Fronterizas Del Petén Guatemalteco y
Los Estados Mexicanos De.” In Viejas y Nuevas Migraciones Forzadas En
El Sur de México, Centroamérica y El Caribe, edited by María da Gloria;
Baltar Rodríguez, Enrique; Marroni and Daniel (coord.) Villafuerte Solís,
247–69. Mexico: SITESA.
BARRACHINA, Carlos; RAMOS VALENCIA, Jimmy Emmanuel, and MONJARAZ,
Alejandro. 2013. “Quintana Roo En El Contexto Migratorio.” In
Viejas y Nuevas Migraciones Forzadas En El Sur de México, Centroamérica
y El Caribe., edited by Daniel. Baltar Rodriguez, Enrique; Da Gloria Marroni
Maria; Villafuerte Solis, 271–314. Mexico: SITESA.
BENÍTEZ MANAUT, Raúl Guillermo. 2011. “México, Centroamérica y Estados
Unidos: Migración y Seguridad.” In Migración y Seguridad: Nuevo Desafío
En México., edited by Natalia Armijo Canto, Primera, 179–92. México:
Colectivo de Análisis para la Seguridad con Democracia (CASEDE). https://
www.casede.org/PublicacionesCasede/MigracionySeguridad/cap10.pdf.
BERGMAN, Adrian. 2017. “The Central American Refugee Crisis, Securitization,
and the Media.” In The Routledge Companion To Media and Humanitarian
Action, edited by Robin Andersen and Purnaka L. de Silva, 231–40.
London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315538129.ch19.
BORJA ARMAS, Ana Juliana. 2016. “The Politics of Plan Frontera Sur: A Theoretical
Approach to The Politics of Plan Frontera Sur: A Theoretical Approach
to Mexico’s Prosecution of Illegal Migrants Mexico’s Prosecution of Illegal
Migrants Recommended Citation Recommended Citation.” Senior Projects
Spring 2016. New York. https://digitalcommons.bard.edu/senproj_s2016.
BRISCOE, Ivan. 2018. “Addressing the Migration Bottleneck in Southern Mexico.”
Latin America & Caribbean. México. https://www.crisisgroup.org/latinamerica-
caribbean/mexico/addressing-migration-crisis-mexicos-southernborder.
BROOKS, Karen, and PLACE, Frank. 2019. “Global Food Systems: Can Foresight
Learn from Hindsight?” Global Food Security. Elsevier B.V. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2018.12.004.
CANALES CERÓN, Alejandro, and Martha Luz Rojas Wiesner. 2018. “Panorama
de la Migración Internacional en Méxicoy Centroamérica. Documento
Elaborado en el Marco de la Reunión Regional Latinoamericana y Caribeña
de Expertas y Expertos En Migración Internacional Preparatoria del Pacto
Mundial para una Migración Segura, Ordenada y Regular.” 124. Población
y Desarrollo. Santiago. https://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/
11362/43697/1/S1800554_es.pdf.
CASILLAS R., Rodolfo. 2015. “Notas Para Entender La Migración: Instituciones
Gubernamentales y Política Migratoria Mexicanas En Los Albores Del Siglo
XXI.” Migración y Desarrollo 13 (24): 47–80. http://www.scielo.org.mx/
scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1870-75992015000100002.
CHEATHAM, Amelia; RENWICK, Danielle, and CARA LABRADOR, Rocio.
2019. “Central America’s Turbulent Northern Triangle.” Council on Foreign
Relations. New York. https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/central-americasturbulent-
northern-triangle.
Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe. 2019. “Hacia Un Nuevo
Estilo de Desarrollo: Plan de Desarrollo Integral El Salvador-Guatemala-
Honduras-México. Diagnóstico, Áreas de Oportunidad y Recomendaciones
de La CEPAL.” Santiago. https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/
file/462720/34.Hacia_un_nuevo_estilo_de_desarrollo___Plan_de_Desarrollo_
Integral_El.pdf.
Congressional Research Service. 2019a. “Mexico’s Immigration Control Efforts.”
Washington. https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF10215/21.
Congressional Research Service. 2019b. “Recent Migration to the United States from Central America: Frequently
Asked Questions.” Washington. https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/
pdf/R/R45489.
DUDLEY, Steven. 2011. “In Sight The Zetas in Guatemala.” https://www.insightcrime.
org/images/PDFs/2016/InSight_Crime_The_Zetas_in_Guatemala.pdf.
DUDLEY, Steven. 2012. “Violence against Migrants.” https://www.insightcrime.org/images/
PDFs/2016/Violence_Against_Migrants.pdf.
GÓMEZ, Alejandro. 2005. “Guardia Nacional y Migración En Chiapas, Listos
Ante Nueva Caravana.” El Sol de México, january 15, 2005. https://www.
elsoldemexico.com.mx/republica/sociedad/guardia-nacional-y-migracionen-
chiapas-listos-ante-nueva-caravana-4702145.html.
International Crisis Group. 2016. “Presa Fácil: Violencia Criminal y Migración En
Centroamérica.” Bruselas. https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/057-easyprey-
criminal-violence-and-central-american-migration-spanish.pdf.
ISACSON, Adam; SMITH, Hannah, and MEYER, Maureen. 2017. “La Frontera
Sur de México. Seguridad, Migración Centroamericana y Políticas Estadounidenses.”
Informe de WOLA. Washington.
MATA CERVANTES, Pedro. 2017. “México y Centroamérica, Retos y Amenazas
Compartidas.” Instituto de Investigaciones Estratégicas de La Armada
de México.
MAZZITELLI, Antonio L. 2011. “Mexican Cartels Influence in Central America.”
Miami. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=104
4&context=whemsac.
MEYER, Maureen and ISACSON, Adam. 2019. “The ‘Wall’ Before the Wall:
Mexico’s Crackdown on Migration at Its Southern Border.” Washington.
https://www.wola.org/analysis/wola-report-mexicos-southern-border-security-
central-american-migration-u-s-policy/.
OLSON, Eric. 2014. “Policy Options for the Future United States Security Assistance
in Central America.” In Crime and Violence in Central America’s Northern
Triangle. Washington: Woodrow Wilson Center Reports on the Americas
| #34., edited by Eric Olson, 285–94. Washington: Woodrow Wilson
Center. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/
publication/FINAL PDF_CARSI REPORT.pdf.
OLSON, Eric, and ZAINO, Christine. 2014. “The Central America Regional Security
Initiative — Losing the Good Fight: When Good Intentions Are Not
Enough.” In Crime and Violence in Central America’s Northern Triangle.
Washington: Woodrow Wilson Center Reports on the Americas | #34., edited
by Eric Olson, 19–54. Washington: Woodrow Wilson Center. https://www.
wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/publication/FINAL
PDF_CARSI REPORT.pdf.
ORTIZ DE ZÁRATE BÉJAR, Almendra, and SHUBICH GREEN, Yoanna.
2018. “Humanitarian Crisis: Unaccompanied Migrant Minors From Central
America To the Us – Mexican Border.” The Copernicus Journal of Political
Studies 1 (1 (7)): 15804. https://doi.org/10.12775/cjps.2015.01.11.
RAMOS-GARCIA, Jose Maria; BARRACHINA LISON, Carlos, and RAMOS
VALENCIA, Jimmy Emmanuel. 2020. “The Southern Border of Mexico:
Problems and Challenges of National Security and Its Different Dimensions
1.” Política, Globalidad y Ciudadanía. 6 (12): 102–27. https://doi.org/https://
doi.org/10.29105/pgc6.12-6.
SEELKE, Clare Ribando, and FINKLEA, Kristin. 2017. “U. S. - Mexican Security
Cooperation: The Mérida Initiative and Beyond.” Washington. https://fas.
org/sgp/crs/row/R41349.pdf.
SOLIS, Gustavo. 2019. “Remain in Mexico Has a 0.1% Asylum Grant Rate .” Los
Angeles Times, December 15, 2019. https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/
story/2019-12-15/remain-in-mexico-has-a-0-01-percent-asylum-grant-rate.
The white House. 2020. “The Trump Administration’s Immigration Agenda Protects
American Workers, Taxpayers, And Sovereignty.” Washington. https://
www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/trump-administrations-immigration-
agenda-protects-american-workers-taxpayers-sovereignty/.
TORRES, Mauricio. 2019. “AMLO Plantea Dar Más Dinero a Ejército y Marina,
y 59,000 Mdp a Seguridad.” Expansión Política, september 9, 2019. https://
politica.expansion.mx/mexico/2019/09/09/amlo-presupuesto-seguridad-
2020-guardia-nacional.
Washington Office on Latin America. 2015. “Report: Increased Enforcement at
Mexico’s Southern Border.” Washington. https://www.wola.org/analysis/
new-report-increased-enforcement-at-mexicos-southern-border/.
Womens Refugee Commision. 2019. “Moreover, the Program Violates U.S. Treaty
Obligations as It Puts Refugees at Risk of Refoulement or Return to Their
Country of Persecution as Well as the Prohibition on Returning Individuals
to Any Country Where They May Face Persecution.” Washington.