The credibility of media and health information among the inhabitants of Mexico City during the COVID-19 pandemic (July-December 2020)
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Published:
Aug 15, 2021
Keywords:
credibility, health information, media, new media, pandemic
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Abstract
In the midst of a wide and diverse media landscape, between old, new, and new new media, it is not very clear how people find out about health information, much less the credibility that exists towards the media and towards its contents, for which a quantitative exploratory and descriptive investigation was carried out on 151 inhabitants of Mexico City by applying a questionnaire during the pandemic caused by covid-19 (July-December 2020), finding that the specialized web pages are the main source of information and those with greater credibility in health matters, however, given such a small sample, the results are not conclusive and it is necessary to carry out a broader investigation, even qualitative in order to deepen more on the elements that lead people to seek and evaluate this type of information.
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Escalona Villegas, S. A., & Santos Morales, R. (2021). The credibility of media and health information among the inhabitants of Mexico City during the COVID-19 pandemic (July-December 2020). Sintaxis, (7), 78–92. https://doi.org/10.36105/stx.2021n7.04
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References
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BBC News (25 de mayo de 2020). Coronavirus | De enfermedad respiratoria a multisistémica: cómo en pocas semanas cambió radicalmente lo que sabemos sobre la COVID-19. BBC News. Mundo. Noticias. Recuperado de: https://bbc.in/30soGXz
Benoit, W. L. (1987). Argumentation and credibility appeals in persuasion. Southern Speech Communication Journal, 52(2), 181-197. https://doi.org/10.1080/10417948709372687
Borah, P., & Xiao, X. (2018). The importance of “likes”: the interplay of message framing, source, and social endorsement on credibility perceptions of health information on Facebook. Journal of Health Communication, 23(4), 399–411. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2018.1455770
Carter, R. F. & Greenberg, B. S. (1965). Newspapers or television: Which do you believe? Journalism Quarterly, 42(1), 29-34. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769906504200104
Chang, Y. S., Zhang, Y. & Gwizdka, J. (2021). The effects of information source and eHealth literacy on consumer health information credibility evaluation behavior. Computers in Human Behavior, 115, 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106629
Cheung, C. & Tse, J. (2008). Institutional trust as a determinant of anxiety during the SARS crisis in Hong Kong. Social Work in Public Health, 23(5), 41-54. https://doi.org/10.1080/19371910802053224
Choi, W. (2020). Older adultsʼ credibility assessment of online health information: an exploratory study using an extended typology of web credibility. Journal of the Association for Information Science & Technology (JASIST) , 71(11), 1295-1307. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24341
Chou, S. W. Y., Gaysynsky, A. & Cappella, J. N. (2020). Where we go from here: health misinformation on social media. American Journal of Public Health, 110(S3), S273-S275. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.305905
Clayman, M. L., Manganello, J. A., Viswanath, K., Hesse, B. W. & Arora, N. K. (2010). Providing health messages to Hispanics/Latinos: understanding the importance of language, trust in health information sources, and media use. Journal of Health Communication, 15(sup3), 252-263. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2010.522697
Cronkhite, G. & Liska, J. (1976). A critique of factor analytic approaches to the study of credibility. Communication Monographs, 43(2), 91-107. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637757609375920
Delia, J. G. (1976). A constructivist analysis of the concept of credibility. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 62(4), 361-375. https://doi.org/10.1080/00335637609383350
De Meulenaer, S., De Pelsmacker, P., & Dens, N. (2018). Power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and the effects of source credibility on health risk message compliance. Health Communication, 33(3), 291-298. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2016.1266573
Eagly, A. & Chaiken, S. (1993). The psychology of attitudes. Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace.
Embacher, K., McGloin, R., & Richards, K. (2018). When women give health advice online, do we listen? The effect of source sex on credibility and likelihood to use online health advice. Western Journal of Communication, 82(4), 439-456. https://doi.org/10.1080/10570314.2017.1367028
Flanagin, A. J. & Metzger, M. J. (2007). The role of site features, user attributes, and information verification behaviors on the perceived credibility of web-based information. New Media & Society, 9(2), 319-342. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444807075015
Fox, M. (11 de julio de 2020). Así afecta el coronavirus todo el cuerpo. CNN Español. Recuperado de: https://cnn.it/3rK2xQN
Gantz, W. (1981). The influence of researcher methods on television and newspaper news credibility evaluations. Journal of Broadcasting, 25(2), 155-169. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838158109386439
Gass, R. H. & Seiter, J. S. (1999). Persuasion, social influence, and compliance gaining. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Gaziano, C. & McGrath, K. (1986). Measuring the concept of credibility. Journalism Quarterly, 63(3), 451-462. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769908606300301
Google (2021). See what was trending in 2020 México. Google. Trends. Recuperado de: https://bit.ly/3bxTMU5
Greenberg, B. S. & Roloff, M. E. (1974). Mass media credibility: research results and critical issues. Washington, DC: American Newspaper Publishers Association.
Gunther, A. C. (1988). Attitude extremity and trust in media. Journalism Quarterly, 65(2), 279-287. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769908806500203
Gunther, A. C. (1992). Biased press or biased public? Attitudes toward media coverage of social groups. Public Opinion Quarterly, 56(2), 147-167. https://doi.org/10.1086/269308
Hajli, M. N., Sims, J., Featherman, M. & Love, P. E. D. (2015). Credibility of information in online communities. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 23(3), 238-253. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2014.920904
Hawn, C. (2009). Take two aspirin and tweet me in the morning: how Twitter, Facebook, and other social media are reshaping health care. Health Affairs, 28(2), 361-368. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.28.2.361
Hovland, C. I., Janis, I. L., & Kelley, H. H. (1953). Communication and persuasion. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
IAB (marzo, 2019). Estudio de consumo de medios y dispositivos entre internautas mexicanos. 11a. edición. Ciudad de México, México: Kantar-IAB México-Televisa Digital.
IAB (septiembre, 2020). Estudio de consumo de medios y dispositivos entre internautas mexicanos. 12a. edición. Ciudad de México, México: Kantar-IAB México-Televisa Digital.
IFT (2019). Encuesta nacional de consumo de contenidos audiovisuales 2019. Ciudad de México, México: Instituto Federal de Telecomunicaciones.
Ihlen, Ø. (2020). Science communication, strategic communication and rhetoric: the case of health authorities, vaccine hesitancy, trust and credibility. Journal of Communication Management, 24(3), 163-167. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCOM-03-2020-0017
INEGI (2021). Población. Población total. INEGI. Recuperado de: https://bit.ly/3sCNA2n
Jackson, D. N., Peterson, E. B., Blake, K. D., Coa, K. & Chou, W. Y. S. (2019). Americans’ trust in health information sources: trends and sociodemographic predictors. American Journal of Health Promotion, 33(8), 1187-1193. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890117119861280
Klawitter, E., & Hargittai, E. (2018). Shortcuts to well being? Evaluating the credibility of online health information through multiple complementary heuristics. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 62(2), 251-268. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2018.1451863
Kemp, S. (2021). Digital 2020: Mexico. DataReportal. Recuperado de: https://bit.ly/3sFuPLC
Lee, R. S. (1978). Credibility of newspaper and TV news. Journalism Quarterly, 55(2), 282-287. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769907805500209
Levinson, P. (2013). New new media. 2a. ed., Nueva York, NY: Penguin Academics.
Machackova, H., & Smahel, D. (2018). The perceived importance of credibility cues for the assessment of the trustworthiness of online information by visitors of health-related websites: The role of individual factors. Telematics & Informatics, 35(5), 1534-1541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2018.03.021
Masílamani, V., Sriram, A., & Rozario, A. M. (2020). Alfabetización en e-Salud de los jóvenes: credibilidad y calidad de la información sanitaria con móviles en la India. Comunicar, 28(64), 85-95. https://doi.org/10.3916/C64-2020-08
Meyer, P. (1988). Defining and measuring credibility of newspapers: developing an index. Journalism Quarterly, 65(3), 567-574. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769908806500301
MSP (28 de febrero de 2020). Primer caso de coronavirus en México. Medicina y Salud Pública. Recuperado de: https://bit.ly/2ODy7ki
Newhagen, J. & Nass, C. (1989). Differential criteria for evaluating credibility of newspapers and TV news. Journalism Quarterly, 66(2), 277-284. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769908906600202
O’Keefe, D. J. (1990). Persuasion: theory and research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Palanisamy, B., Gopichandran, V. & Kosalram, K. (2018). Social capital, trust in health information, and acceptance of measles-rubella vaccination campaign in Tamil Nadu: a case–control study. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, 64(4), 212-219. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpgm.JPGM_249_17
Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1981). Attitudes and persuasion: classic and contemporary approaches. Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown.
Popescu, S. D., Popescu, A. O., Maior, D., Dănilă, M., Dobria, M., & Nădăşan, V. (2018). Widely accepted credibility criteria for online health-related information are not correlated with content quality of stroke webpages in two languages of Central and Eastern European countries. Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine, 3(3), 196-201. https://doi.org/10.2478/jim-2018-0031
Reagan, J. & Zenaty, J. (1979). Local news credibility: newspapers vs. TV news revisited. Journalism Quarterly, 56(1), 168-172. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769907905600127
Rimmer, T. & Weaver, D. (1987). Different questions, different answers? Media use and media credibility. Journalism Quarterly, 64(1), 28-44. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769908706400104
Sbaffi, L. & Rowley, J. (2017). Trust and credibility in web-based health information: a review and agenda for future research. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(6): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.7579
Secretaría de Salud (2020). Conferencia 30 de diciembre de 2020. Coronavirus. Recuperado de: https://bit.ly/3v6Vbst
Secretaría de Salud (2021). Información accesible. Coronavirus. Recuperado de: https://bit.ly/3l5eVbh
Self, C. C. (1996). Credibility. En M. B. Salwen & D. W. Stacks (eds.), An integrated approach to communication theory and research (pp. 421-441). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Shah, Z., Surian, D., Dyda, A., Coiera, E., Mandl, K. D. & Dunn, A. G. (2019). Automatically appraising the credibility of vaccine-related web pages shared on social media: a Twitter surveillance study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(11), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.2196/14007
Shin, D.-H., Lee, S., & Hwang, Y. (2017). How do credibility and utility play in the user experience of health informatics services? Computers in Human Behavior, 67: 292-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.007
Song, S., Zhang, Y. & Yu, B. (2020). Interventions to support consumer evaluation of online health information credibility: a scoping review. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 145, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104321
Stamm, K. & Dube, R. (1994). The relationship of attitudinal components to trust in media. Communication Research, 21(1), 105-123. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365094021001006
Thon, F. M., & Jucks, R. (2017). Believing in expertise: how authors’ credentials and language use influence the credibility of online health information. Health Communication, 32(7), 828-836. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2016.1172296
Van der Weerd, W., Timmermans, D. R., Beaujean, D. J., Oudhoff, J. & Van Steenbergen, J. E. (2011). Monitoring the level of government trust, risk perception and intention of the general public to adopt protective measures during the influenza A (H1N1) pandemic in the Netherlands. BMC Public Health, 11, 575. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-575
Valizadeh-Haghi, S., Rahmatizadeh, S., Ansari, M., & Hamzehei, R. (2018). Credibility of health websites on infectious diseases: Are there any fully trustable website to read on Ebola? Archives of Advances in Biosciences, 9(3), 23–31. https://doi.org/10.22037/jps.v9i3.19330
Vidgen, R., Sims, J. & Powell, P. (2013). Do CEO bloggers build community? Journal of Communication Management, 17(4), 364-385. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCOM-08-2012-0068
Xiang, P., Guo, J., Liu, Q. (2020). How government credibility and social morality work in a public health emergency. A study of public quarantine willingness in COVID‐19. Analyses of Social Issues & Public Policy, 20(1): 443-461. https://doi.org/10.1111/asap.12209
BBC News (25 de mayo de 2020). Coronavirus | De enfermedad respiratoria a multisistémica: cómo en pocas semanas cambió radicalmente lo que sabemos sobre la COVID-19. BBC News. Mundo. Noticias. Recuperado de: https://bbc.in/30soGXz
Benoit, W. L. (1987). Argumentation and credibility appeals in persuasion. Southern Speech Communication Journal, 52(2), 181-197. https://doi.org/10.1080/10417948709372687
Borah, P., & Xiao, X. (2018). The importance of “likes”: the interplay of message framing, source, and social endorsement on credibility perceptions of health information on Facebook. Journal of Health Communication, 23(4), 399–411. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2018.1455770
Carter, R. F. & Greenberg, B. S. (1965). Newspapers or television: Which do you believe? Journalism Quarterly, 42(1), 29-34. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769906504200104
Chang, Y. S., Zhang, Y. & Gwizdka, J. (2021). The effects of information source and eHealth literacy on consumer health information credibility evaluation behavior. Computers in Human Behavior, 115, 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106629
Cheung, C. & Tse, J. (2008). Institutional trust as a determinant of anxiety during the SARS crisis in Hong Kong. Social Work in Public Health, 23(5), 41-54. https://doi.org/10.1080/19371910802053224
Choi, W. (2020). Older adultsʼ credibility assessment of online health information: an exploratory study using an extended typology of web credibility. Journal of the Association for Information Science & Technology (JASIST) , 71(11), 1295-1307. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24341
Chou, S. W. Y., Gaysynsky, A. & Cappella, J. N. (2020). Where we go from here: health misinformation on social media. American Journal of Public Health, 110(S3), S273-S275. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.305905
Clayman, M. L., Manganello, J. A., Viswanath, K., Hesse, B. W. & Arora, N. K. (2010). Providing health messages to Hispanics/Latinos: understanding the importance of language, trust in health information sources, and media use. Journal of Health Communication, 15(sup3), 252-263. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2010.522697
Cronkhite, G. & Liska, J. (1976). A critique of factor analytic approaches to the study of credibility. Communication Monographs, 43(2), 91-107. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637757609375920
Delia, J. G. (1976). A constructivist analysis of the concept of credibility. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 62(4), 361-375. https://doi.org/10.1080/00335637609383350
De Meulenaer, S., De Pelsmacker, P., & Dens, N. (2018). Power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and the effects of source credibility on health risk message compliance. Health Communication, 33(3), 291-298. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2016.1266573
Eagly, A. & Chaiken, S. (1993). The psychology of attitudes. Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace.
Embacher, K., McGloin, R., & Richards, K. (2018). When women give health advice online, do we listen? The effect of source sex on credibility and likelihood to use online health advice. Western Journal of Communication, 82(4), 439-456. https://doi.org/10.1080/10570314.2017.1367028
Flanagin, A. J. & Metzger, M. J. (2007). The role of site features, user attributes, and information verification behaviors on the perceived credibility of web-based information. New Media & Society, 9(2), 319-342. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444807075015
Fox, M. (11 de julio de 2020). Así afecta el coronavirus todo el cuerpo. CNN Español. Recuperado de: https://cnn.it/3rK2xQN
Gantz, W. (1981). The influence of researcher methods on television and newspaper news credibility evaluations. Journal of Broadcasting, 25(2), 155-169. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838158109386439
Gass, R. H. & Seiter, J. S. (1999). Persuasion, social influence, and compliance gaining. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Gaziano, C. & McGrath, K. (1986). Measuring the concept of credibility. Journalism Quarterly, 63(3), 451-462. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769908606300301
Google (2021). See what was trending in 2020 México. Google. Trends. Recuperado de: https://bit.ly/3bxTMU5
Greenberg, B. S. & Roloff, M. E. (1974). Mass media credibility: research results and critical issues. Washington, DC: American Newspaper Publishers Association.
Gunther, A. C. (1988). Attitude extremity and trust in media. Journalism Quarterly, 65(2), 279-287. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769908806500203
Gunther, A. C. (1992). Biased press or biased public? Attitudes toward media coverage of social groups. Public Opinion Quarterly, 56(2), 147-167. https://doi.org/10.1086/269308
Hajli, M. N., Sims, J., Featherman, M. & Love, P. E. D. (2015). Credibility of information in online communities. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 23(3), 238-253. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2014.920904
Hawn, C. (2009). Take two aspirin and tweet me in the morning: how Twitter, Facebook, and other social media are reshaping health care. Health Affairs, 28(2), 361-368. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.28.2.361
Hovland, C. I., Janis, I. L., & Kelley, H. H. (1953). Communication and persuasion. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
IAB (marzo, 2019). Estudio de consumo de medios y dispositivos entre internautas mexicanos. 11a. edición. Ciudad de México, México: Kantar-IAB México-Televisa Digital.
IAB (septiembre, 2020). Estudio de consumo de medios y dispositivos entre internautas mexicanos. 12a. edición. Ciudad de México, México: Kantar-IAB México-Televisa Digital.
IFT (2019). Encuesta nacional de consumo de contenidos audiovisuales 2019. Ciudad de México, México: Instituto Federal de Telecomunicaciones.
Ihlen, Ø. (2020). Science communication, strategic communication and rhetoric: the case of health authorities, vaccine hesitancy, trust and credibility. Journal of Communication Management, 24(3), 163-167. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCOM-03-2020-0017
INEGI (2021). Población. Población total. INEGI. Recuperado de: https://bit.ly/3sCNA2n
Jackson, D. N., Peterson, E. B., Blake, K. D., Coa, K. & Chou, W. Y. S. (2019). Americans’ trust in health information sources: trends and sociodemographic predictors. American Journal of Health Promotion, 33(8), 1187-1193. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890117119861280
Klawitter, E., & Hargittai, E. (2018). Shortcuts to well being? Evaluating the credibility of online health information through multiple complementary heuristics. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 62(2), 251-268. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2018.1451863
Kemp, S. (2021). Digital 2020: Mexico. DataReportal. Recuperado de: https://bit.ly/3sFuPLC
Lee, R. S. (1978). Credibility of newspaper and TV news. Journalism Quarterly, 55(2), 282-287. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769907805500209
Levinson, P. (2013). New new media. 2a. ed., Nueva York, NY: Penguin Academics.
Machackova, H., & Smahel, D. (2018). The perceived importance of credibility cues for the assessment of the trustworthiness of online information by visitors of health-related websites: The role of individual factors. Telematics & Informatics, 35(5), 1534-1541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2018.03.021
Masílamani, V., Sriram, A., & Rozario, A. M. (2020). Alfabetización en e-Salud de los jóvenes: credibilidad y calidad de la información sanitaria con móviles en la India. Comunicar, 28(64), 85-95. https://doi.org/10.3916/C64-2020-08
Meyer, P. (1988). Defining and measuring credibility of newspapers: developing an index. Journalism Quarterly, 65(3), 567-574. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769908806500301
MSP (28 de febrero de 2020). Primer caso de coronavirus en México. Medicina y Salud Pública. Recuperado de: https://bit.ly/2ODy7ki
Newhagen, J. & Nass, C. (1989). Differential criteria for evaluating credibility of newspapers and TV news. Journalism Quarterly, 66(2), 277-284. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769908906600202
O’Keefe, D. J. (1990). Persuasion: theory and research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Palanisamy, B., Gopichandran, V. & Kosalram, K. (2018). Social capital, trust in health information, and acceptance of measles-rubella vaccination campaign in Tamil Nadu: a case–control study. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, 64(4), 212-219. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpgm.JPGM_249_17
Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1981). Attitudes and persuasion: classic and contemporary approaches. Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown.
Popescu, S. D., Popescu, A. O., Maior, D., Dănilă, M., Dobria, M., & Nădăşan, V. (2018). Widely accepted credibility criteria for online health-related information are not correlated with content quality of stroke webpages in two languages of Central and Eastern European countries. Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine, 3(3), 196-201. https://doi.org/10.2478/jim-2018-0031
Reagan, J. & Zenaty, J. (1979). Local news credibility: newspapers vs. TV news revisited. Journalism Quarterly, 56(1), 168-172. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769907905600127
Rimmer, T. & Weaver, D. (1987). Different questions, different answers? Media use and media credibility. Journalism Quarterly, 64(1), 28-44. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769908706400104
Sbaffi, L. & Rowley, J. (2017). Trust and credibility in web-based health information: a review and agenda for future research. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(6): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.7579
Secretaría de Salud (2020). Conferencia 30 de diciembre de 2020. Coronavirus. Recuperado de: https://bit.ly/3v6Vbst
Secretaría de Salud (2021). Información accesible. Coronavirus. Recuperado de: https://bit.ly/3l5eVbh
Self, C. C. (1996). Credibility. En M. B. Salwen & D. W. Stacks (eds.), An integrated approach to communication theory and research (pp. 421-441). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Shah, Z., Surian, D., Dyda, A., Coiera, E., Mandl, K. D. & Dunn, A. G. (2019). Automatically appraising the credibility of vaccine-related web pages shared on social media: a Twitter surveillance study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(11), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.2196/14007
Shin, D.-H., Lee, S., & Hwang, Y. (2017). How do credibility and utility play in the user experience of health informatics services? Computers in Human Behavior, 67: 292-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.007
Song, S., Zhang, Y. & Yu, B. (2020). Interventions to support consumer evaluation of online health information credibility: a scoping review. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 145, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104321
Stamm, K. & Dube, R. (1994). The relationship of attitudinal components to trust in media. Communication Research, 21(1), 105-123. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365094021001006
Thon, F. M., & Jucks, R. (2017). Believing in expertise: how authors’ credentials and language use influence the credibility of online health information. Health Communication, 32(7), 828-836. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2016.1172296
Van der Weerd, W., Timmermans, D. R., Beaujean, D. J., Oudhoff, J. & Van Steenbergen, J. E. (2011). Monitoring the level of government trust, risk perception and intention of the general public to adopt protective measures during the influenza A (H1N1) pandemic in the Netherlands. BMC Public Health, 11, 575. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-575
Valizadeh-Haghi, S., Rahmatizadeh, S., Ansari, M., & Hamzehei, R. (2018). Credibility of health websites on infectious diseases: Are there any fully trustable website to read on Ebola? Archives of Advances in Biosciences, 9(3), 23–31. https://doi.org/10.22037/jps.v9i3.19330
Vidgen, R., Sims, J. & Powell, P. (2013). Do CEO bloggers build community? Journal of Communication Management, 17(4), 364-385. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCOM-08-2012-0068
Xiang, P., Guo, J., Liu, Q. (2020). How government credibility and social morality work in a public health emergency. A study of public quarantine willingness in COVID‐19. Analyses of Social Issues & Public Policy, 20(1): 443-461. https://doi.org/10.1111/asap.12209