Can exercise be used as a protective agent against disease severity in COVID-19 and as treatment during subsequent rehabilitation?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36105/psrua.2021v1n1.06Keywords:
COVID-19, severidad, ejercicio, hipertensión, diabetes, edad, rehabilitación, terapia físicaAbstract
In a matter of months, COVID-19 has spread worldwide, and it has affected not only human lives but also the socioeconomic structure. Disease severity increases with the presence of other factors such as age, diabetes, and hypertension. Exercise has been shown to control blood pressure and blood sugar level; it enhances the immune system and age-related physiological changes. Given its ability to control all of these factors, exercise can be used as a protective agent against disease severity in COVID-19 and as treatment during subsequent rehabilitation.
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3. Guo W, Li M, Dong Y, Zhou H, Zhang Z, Tian C, et al. Diabetes is a risk factor for the progression and prognosis of COVID-19. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2020; e3319
https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3319
4. Baradaran A, Ebrahimzadeh MH, Baradaran A, Amir ;, Kachooei R, Kachooei AR. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Prevalence of Comorbidities in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2020;8:247–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.017
5. Leung C. Risk factors for predicting mortality in elderly patients with COVID-19: A review of clinical data in China. 2020;188:111255
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mad.2020.111255
6. Oviedo-Trespalacios OI, Cortes-Ramirez JI. A brief-review of the risk factors for covid-19 severity. Rev. Saude Publica. 2020;54.60. http://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054002481
7. Güner R, Hasanoğlu İ, Aktaş F. Covid-19: Prevention and control measures in community. Journal of Medical Sciences. 2020;50:571-577. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-2004-146
8. Nicola M, Alsafi Z, Sohrabi C, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, Iosifidis C, et al. The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. International Journal of Surgery. 78:185-193 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018
9. Kelley GA, Kelley KS. Exercise and sleep: a systematic review of previous meta-analyses. J Evid Based Med. 2017;10(1):26–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/jebm.12236
10. Stubbs B, Vancampfort D, Rosenbaum S, Firth J, Cosco T, Veronese N, et al. An examination of the anxiolytic effects of exercise for people with anxiety and stress-related disorders: A meta-analysi.s Psychiatry Research. 2020;249:102–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.12.020
11. Zhao M, Veeranki SP, Magnussen CG, Xi B. Recommended physical activity and all cause and cause specific mortality in US adults: Prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2020 Jul 1;370(1):2031.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m2031
12. Benefits of Physical Activity | Physical Activity | CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/basics/pa-health/index.htm
13. Dasso NA. How is exercise different from physical activity? A concept analysis. Nurs Forum. 2019 Jan 1;54(1):45–52. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/nuf.12296
14. Zbinden-Foncea H, Francaux M, Deldicque L, Hawley JA. Does High Cardiorespiratory Fitness Confer Some Protection Against Proinflammatory Responses After Infection by SARS-CoV-2? Obesity. 2020;28(8):1378–81. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22849
15. Singh AK, Gupta R, Ghosh A, Misra A. Diabetes in COVID-19: Prevalence, pathophysiology, prognosis and practical considerations. Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev. 2020 Jul 1;14(4):303–10.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.004
16. Li X, Xu S, Yu M, Wang K, Tao Y, Zhou Y, et al. Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020 Jul 1;146(1):110–8.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.006
17. Kreutz R, Algharably EAEH, Azizi M, Dobrowolski P, Guzik T, Januszewicz A, et al. Hypertension, the renin-angiotensin system, and the risk of lower respiratory tract infections and lung injury: Implications for covid-19.Cardiovascular Research.; 2020.116(10):1688–99.
https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvaa097
18. Ran J, Song Y, Zhuang Z, Han L, Zhao S, Cao P, et al. Blood pressure control and adverse outcomes of COVID-19 infection in patients with concomitant hypertension in Wuhan, China. Hypertens Res. 2020;43(11):1267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41440-020-00541-w
19. Chen R, Yang J, Gao X, Ding X, Yang Y, Shen Y, et al. Influence of blood pressure control and application of renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitors on the outcomes in COVID‐19 patients with hypertension. J Clin Hypertens. 2020 Oct 2;22(11):1974-1983.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.14038
20. Chen CY, Bonham AC. Postexercise hypotension: Central mechanisms. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2010 Jul;38(3):122–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/JES.0b013e3181e372b5
21. Do Socorro Brasileiro-Santos M, Da Cruz Santos A. Neural mechanisms and post-exercise hypotension: The importance of experimental studies.Motriz: Revista de Educacao Fisica.2017:23(1): e101622.
https://doi.org/10.1590/s1980-6574201700si0006
22. Macdonald JR. Potential causes, mechanisms, and implications of post exercise hypotension. J Hum Hypertens. 2002; 16(1): 225–36. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jhh.1001377
23. Miki K, Yoshimoto M. Exercise-induced modulation of baroreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity. Frontiers in Neuroscience.2018; 12(1):493. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2018.00493
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León-Avila, F., Wohlmuth-Cohen, G., Suárez-Espinosa, A. C., de la Cruz-Romano, A., & Figueroa-Valero, J. (2021). Can exercise be used as a protective agent against disease severity in COVID-19 and as treatment during subsequent rehabilitation?. Proceedings of Scientific Research Universidad Anáhuac. Multidisciplinary Journal of Healthcare, 1(1), 45–51. https://doi.org/10.36105/psrua.2021v1n1.06
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