Study and assessment of sexual and reproductive health in women in spanish penitentiary institutions
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Jul 1, 2020
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Abstract
In this article, we evaluated the awareness and use of contraceptive methods and abortion in a sample of 528 female inmates in various Spanish penal institutions. We found that the vast majority of inmates had adequate knowledge of these methods, and that approximately 90% had used them at some time. We also evaluated the relationship between their use and various social and demographic parameters, as well as the reasons for using a certain contraceptive method. We found that approximately 75% of inmates used these methods on the prescription of a physician. Only 21% of women had experienced a negative side effect after using contraceptives, generally moderate. As regards the perception of the safety of the method used, almost 79% said that it was safe.
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Aznar, J., Lozano, J., & Pérez, M. (2020). Study and assessment of sexual and reproductive health in women in spanish penitentiary institutions. Revista De Medicina Y Ética, 29(4), 1097–1124. Retrieved from https://pruebapub.anahuac.mx/index.php/bioetica/article/view/423
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1120 Medicina y Ética 2018/4
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contraceptive implants and intrauterine devices to reduce unintended pregnancy.
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Study of sexual health in women in spanish penitentiary institutions
Medicina y Ética 2018/4 1121
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in users of oral contraceptives containing drospirenone or levonorgestrel:
nested case-control study based on UK General Practice Research Database. Brit
Med J. 2011; 342: p. d2139.
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using oral contraceptives containing drospirenone compared with women using
oral contraceptives containing levonorgestrel: case-control study using United States
claims data. Brit Med J. 2011; 342: p. d2151.
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J. Lozano, M. Pérez, J. Aznar
1122 Medicina y Ética 2018/4
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by gender…
2. STATE OFFICIAL NEWSLETTER. Organic Law 1/1979, September 26, General Penitentiary.
October 5, 1979, nº 239.
3. GENERAL SECRETARIAT OF PENITENTIARY INSTITUTIONS. Prison regulations.
4. STATE OFFICIAL NEWSLETTER. Organic Law 14/1986, of April 25, General Health.
April 29, 1986, nº 102.
5. STATE OFFICIAL NEWSLETTER. Organic Law 13/1995, of December 18 about
the modification of the General Penitenciary Organic Law. December 19,1995,
nº 302.
6. STATE OFFICIAL NEWSLETTER. Organic Law 10/1995, November 23, of the Penal
Code. November 24, 1995, nº 281.
7. STATE OFICIAL NEWSLETTER. 2/2006, of May 3, of Education. May 4, 2006,
nº 106.
8. RAINE T, MINNIS AM, PADIAN NS. Determinants of contraceptive method among
Young women at risk for unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections.
Contraception. 2003; 68: p. 19-25.
9. FROST JJ, SINGH S, FINER LB. Factors associated with contraceptive use and
nonuse, United States, 2004. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2007; 39: p. 90-9.
10. JONES J, MOSHER W, DANIELS K. Current contraceptive use in the United
States, 2006-2010, and changes in patters of use since 1995. National health
statistics reports. 2012; 18: p. 1-25.
11. WU J, MELDRUM S, DOZIER A, STANWOOD N, FISCELLA K. Contraceptive nonuse
among US women at risk for unplanned pregnancy. Contraception. 2008; 78:
p. 284-9.
12. DEHLENDORF C, PARK SY, EMEREMNI CA, COMER D, VINCETT K, BORRERO S. Racial/
ethnic disparities in contraceptive use: variation by age and women’s reproductive
experiences. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014; 210: p. 526.e1-e.9.
13. DEHLENDORF C, RODRÍGUEZ MI, LEVY K, BORRERO S, STEINAUER J. Disparities
in family planning. Am J of Obstet Gynecol. 2010; 202: p. 214-20.
14. KAYE K, SUELLENTROP K, SLOUP C. The Fog Zone: how misperceptions,
magical thinking, and ambivalence put young adults at risk for unplanned pregJ.
Lozano, M. Pérez, J. Aznar
1120 Medicina y Ética 2018/4
nancy. Washington DC: National campaign to prevent teen and unintended
pregnancy; 2009.
15. GUENDELMAN S, DENNY C, MAULDON J, CHETKOVICH C. Perceptions of hormonal
contraceptive safety and side effects among low-income Latina and non-Latina
women. Mater child health J. 2000; 4: p. 233-9.
16. SANGI-HAGHPEYKAR H, ALI N, POSNER S, POINDEXTER AN. Disparities in contraceptive
knowledge, attitude and use between Hispanic and non-Hispanic whites.
Contraception. 2006; 74: p. 125-32.
17. UNDERSTAND, INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE (US) COMMITTEE ON; STITH, A Y; NELSON, AR;
EDS. Unequal treatment: confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health. 2003.
18. TODD S, SOMMERS B. Overview of the uninsured in the United States: a summary
of the 2012 current population survey report. ASPE. Office of the assistant
secretary for planning and evaluation, Department of health and human services;
2012.
19. ARMSTRONG K, RAVENELL KL, MCMURPHY S, PUTT M. Racial/ethnic differences
in physician distrust in the United States. Am J Public Health. 2007; 97: p. 1283-9.
20. BECKER D, TSUI AO. Reproductive health service preferences and perceptions
of quality among low-income women: racial, ethnic and language group differences.
Perspectives on Sex Reprod Health. 2008; 40: p. 202-11.
21. FORREST JD, FROST JJ. The family planning attitudes and experiences of lowincome
women. Fam Plann Perspec. 1996; 28: p. 246-55, 77.
22. DOWNING RA, LAVEIST TA, BULLOCK HE. Intersections of ethnicity and social
class in provider advice regarding reproductive health. Am J Publ Health. 2007;
97: p. 1803-7.
23. WINNER B, PEIPERT JF, ZHAO Q, ET AL. Effectiveness of long-acting reversible
contraception. N Engl J Med. 2012; 366: p. 1998-2007.
24. HATCHER RA TJNACWSFKD. Contraceptive technology. 19th ed. New York: Ardent
Media; 2007.
25. KAUNITZ AM, DARNEY PD, ROSS D, WOLTER KD, SPEROFF L. Subcutaneous
DMPA vs intramuscular DMPA: a 2-year randomized study of contraceptive efficacy
and bone mineral density. Contraception. 2009; 80: p. 7-17.
26. TRUSSELL J. Contraceptive failure in the United States. Contraception. 2011;
83: p. 397-404.
27. KOST K, SINGH S, VAUGHAN B, TRUSSELL J, BANKOLE A. Estimates of contraceptive
failure from the 2002 National survey of family growth. Contraception. 2008;
77: p. 10-21.
28. AMERICAN COLLEGE OF OBSTETRICIANS AND GYNECOLOGISTS. Increasing use of
contraceptive implants and intrauterine devices to reduce unintended pregnancy.
ACOG Committee Opinion no. 450. Obstet Gynecol. 2009; 114: p. 1434-8.
29. AMERICAN COLLEGE OF OBSTETRICIANS AND GYNECOLOGISTS. Adolescents and
long-acting reversible contraception: implants and intrauterine devices. ACOG
Committee Opinion no. 539. Obstet Gynecol. 2012; 120: p. 938-8.
30. CHAMPION CB, BEHLILOVIC B, AROSEMENA JM, RANDIC L, COLE LP, WILKENS LR.
Study of sexual health in women in spanish penitentiary institutions
Medicina y Ética 2018/4 1121
A three-year evaluation of TCu 380 Ag and multiload Cu 375 intrauterine devices.
Contraception. 1988; 38: p. 631-9.
31. ROSENBERG MJ, WAUGH MS. Oral contraceptive discontinuation: a prospective
evaluation of frequency and reasons. American J Obstet Gynecol. 1998; 179: p.
577-82.
32. VAUGHAN B, TRUSSELL J, KOST K, SINGH S, JONES R. Discontinuation and
resumption of contraceptive use: results from the 2002 National survey of family
growth. Contraception. 2008; 78: p. 271-83.
33. NAESS IA, CHRISTIANSEN SC, ROMUNDSTAD P, CANNEGIETER SC, ROSENDAAL FR,
HAMMERSTROM J. Incidence and mortality of venous thrombosis: a population-based
study. J Thromb Haemos. 2007; 5: p. 692-9.
34. VANDENBROUCKE JP, KOSTER T, BRIËT E, REITSMA PH, BERTINA RM, ROSENDAAL
FR. Increased risk of venous thrombosis in oral-contraceptive users who are carriers
of factor V Leiden mutation. Lancet. 1994; 344: p. 1453-7.
35. VAN HYLCKAMA VLIEG A, HELMERHORST FM, VANDENBROUCKE JP, DOGGEN CJ,
ROSENDAAL FR. The venous thrombotic risk of oral contraceptives, effects of oestrogen
dose and progestogen type: results of the MEGA case-control study. Brit
Med J. 2009; 339: p. b2921.
36. LIDEGAARD Ø, LØKKEGAARD E, SVENDSEN AL, AGGER C. Hormonal contraception
and risk of venous thromboembolism: national follow-up study. Brit Med J.
2009; 339: p. b2890.
37. PARKIN L, SHARPLES K, HERNANDEZ RK, JICK SS. Risk of venous thromboembolism
in users of oral contraceptives containing drospirenone or levonorgestrel:
nested case-control study based on UK General Practice Research Database. Brit
Med J. 2011; 342: p. d2139.
38. JICK SS, HERNANDEZ RK. Risk of non-fatal venous thromboembolism in women
using oral contraceptives containing drospirenone compared with women using
oral contraceptives containing levonorgestrel: case-control study using United States
claims data. Brit Med J. 2011; 342: p. d2151.
39. LIDEGAARD Ø, NIELSEN LH, SKOVLUND CW, SKJELDESTAD FE, LØKKEGAARD E.
Risk of venous thromboembolism from use of oral contraceptives containing different
progestogens and oestrogen doses: Danish cohort study, 2001-9. Brit Med J.
2011; 343: p. d6423.
40. STEGEMAN BH, DE BASTOS M, ROSENDAAL FR, ET AL. Different combined oral
contraceptives and the risk of venous thrombosis: systematic review and network
meta-analysis. Brit Med J. 2013; 347: p. f5298.
41. VINOGRADOVA Y, COUPLAND C, HIPPISLEY-COX J. Use of combined oral contraceptives
and risk of venous thromboembolism: nested case-control studies using
the QResearch and CPRD databases. Brit Med J. 2015; 350: p. h2135.
42. PERAGALLO URRUTIA R, COEYTAUX RR, MCBROOM AJ, GIERISCH JM, HAVRILESKY
LJ, MOORMAN PG, ET AL. Risk of acute thromboembolic events with oral contraceptive
use: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2013; 122: p.
380-9.
J. Lozano, M. Pérez, J. Aznar
1122 Medicina y Ética 2018/4
43. SITRUK-WARE R. Hormonal contraception and thrombosis. Fertil Steril. 2016;
106: p. 1289-1294.
44. VAN HYLCKAMA VLIEG A, HELMERHORST FM, VANDENBROUKE JP, DOGGEN CJ,
ROSENDAAL FR. The venous thrombosic risk of oral contraceptives, effects of oestrogen
dose and progestogen type: results of the MEGA case-control study. Brit
Med J. 2009; 339: p. b2921.
45. VINOGRADOVA Y, COUPLAND C, HIPPISLEY-COX J. Use of combined oral contraceptives
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