Social intelligence, an elementary competence in the development of the doctor-patient relationship
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36105/psrua.2021v1n1.07Palabras clave:
social intelligence, patient-doctor, anthropocentrism, human dignity, emotional intelligence, communication, humanismResumen
Introducción: La relación médico-paciente es uno de los fundamentos de la vocación médica al servicio de la humanidad. No puede haber atención profesional sin una base sólida centrada en la confianza y la comunicación asertiva. Las competencias blandas como la Inteligencia Social (IS) juegan un papel determinante ya que dotan al médico de las habilidades prácticas, conocimientos y actitudes relevantes para establecer una relación profesional con el paciente. Goleman presenta el concepto de IS como continuación de su trabajo sobre la IE, donde todo el proceso cognitivo surge del autoconocimiento, la capacidad de ahondar en las diferentes esferas del espectro emocional-afectivo y del autoconocimiento. Posteriormente se llega a la relación social, donde el reconocimiento emocional de los demás se fundamenta en la capacidad de empatizar que, junto con una regulación armonizada, conduce al desarrollo de habilidades sociales. Objetivo: Presentar la relevancia de la IS en el desarrollo adecuado de la relación médico-paciente. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática basada en la Declaración PRISMATM 2009, utilizando PubMedTM, MedigraphicTM y ResearchgateTM como motores de búsqueda. Un total de 115 artículos fueron evaluados. Resultados: Con base en la diversidad de definiciones aceptadas desde 1920, la inteligencia social es un componente esencial en la educación y práctica médica; sin embargo, evidentemente existe una enorme contradicción porque no se tiene realmente en cuenta en la educación formal. Con el paso de los años, el concepto de inteligencia social ha evolucionado y, en el caso de la relación médico-paciente, es cada vez más importante. Conclusión: El consenso generalizado de la necesidad de humanizar las ciencias médicas nos lleva a reflexionar sobre las competencias humanísticas poco estudiadas. Así, se promoverá la educación médica integral en beneficio de una concepción holística de la salud de manera similar a la propuesta por los defensores de la medicina como una vocación.
Descargas
Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.
PLUMX metrics
Citas
1. Peña PD. El arte de la medicina: ética, vocación y poder. Cuba y Salud. 2014;9(3):31-41.
2. Goleman D. La práctica de la inteligencia emocional. Barcelona: Kairós; 1997.
3. Gorgas DL, Greenberger S, Bahner DP, Way DP. Teaching Emotional Intelligence: A Control Group Study of a Brief Educational Intervention for Emergency Medicine Residents. West J Emerg Med. 2015;16(6):899-906. https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2015.8.27304
4. Cher Boon. Emotional intelligence and academic performance in first and final year medical student: a cross-sectional study. BMC Med Educ. 2013;13(13):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-13-44
5. Jimenes L. Thoery of Multiple Intelligences and Their Application in Medicine. Psycol Psychology Res Int J. 2017;2(5):318.
6. Ekman Paul. An argument for basic emotions. Cognition and Emotion. 6th ed. 2008. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699939208411068
7. Campos Joseph. A new perspective on emotions. Child Abuse Neglect. 1984; 8:147-156.
8. Cabanac M. What is emotion? Behav Processes. 2002;60(2):69-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0376-6357(02)00078-5
9. Grewal D, Davidson HA. Emotional intelligence and graduate medical education. JAMA. 2008;300(10):1200-2. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.300.10.1200
10. Goleman D, Boyatzis R. Social intelligence and the biology of leadership. Harv Bus Rev. 2008;86(9):74-81.
11. Salovey P, Mayer JD. Emotional Intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality.1990;9(3):185-211. https://doi.org/10.2190%2FDUGG-P24E-52WK-6CDG
12. Mansel B. Emotional intelligence is essential to leadership. Nurs Stand. 2017;18;(3):21-9. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.31.21.29.s28
13. Ye J, Yeung DY, Liu ESC, Rochelle TL. Sequential mediating effects of provided and received social support on trait emotional intelligence and subjective happiness: A longitudinal examination in Hong Kong Chinese university students. Int J Psychol. 2019;54(4):478-86. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12484
14. Sa B, Ojeh N, Majumder MAA, Nunes P, Williams S, Rao SR, Youssef FF. The relationship between self-esteem, emotional intelligence, and empathy among students from six health professional programs. Teach Learn Med. 2019;31(5):536-43. https://doi.org/10.1080/10401334.2019.1607741
15. Chew BH, Md Zain A, Hassan F. The relationship between the social management of emotional intelligence and academic performance among medical students. Psychol Health Med. 2015;20(2):198-204. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2014.913797
16. Gardner Howard. Educational Implications of the Theory of Multiple Intelligences, Educational Researcher. 1989;18(8):4-10.
17. Prado V, Giménez M, Valero S. The influence of nurse education and training on communication, emotional intelligence, and empathy. Rev Esc Enferm USP [Online]. 2019 July [cited 2020 october];53(29)9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-220x2018015903465
18. Gardner Howard. Reflections on multiple intelligences: Myths and messages. Phi Delta Kappan.1995;72(3):200-09.
19. Boyatzis Richard. Clustering competence in emotional intelligence. In: Bar-On R, Parker J. The Handbook of Emotional Intelligence. San Francisco: Jossey Bass; 1999.
20. Lewis N, Rees C, Hudson J, Bleakley A. Emotional intelligence medical education: measuring the unmeasurable? Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. 2005;10(4):339-55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-005-4861-0
21. Keidar D, Yagoda A. Emotional intelligence, moral, ethics, bio-ethics and what is in between. Med Law. 2014;33(3):131-59.
22. Kantor B, Kantor J. Importance of Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence for Physicians. JAMA. 2018;10;(2):204-06. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.6278
23. Kaminska AO, Pshuk NG, Martynova Y. Social and emotional intelligence as a basis for communicative resource formation in family caregivers of patients with endogenous mental disorders. Wiad Lek. 2020;73(1):107-12.
24. Stoller J, Farver C, Taylor C. Emotional intelligence competencies provide a developmental curriculum for medical training. Med Teach. 2013;35(3):243–247. https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2012.737964
25. Todres M, Tsimtsiou Z, Stephenson A, Jones R. The emotional intelligence of medical students: an exploratory cross-sectional study. Med Teach. 2010;32(1):42-8. https://doi.org/10.3109/01421590903199668
26. Seritan A, Hunt J, Shy A, Rea M, Worley L. The state of medical student wellness: a call for culture change. Acad Psychiatry. 2012;36(1):7-10. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ap.10030042
27. Johnson D. Emotional intelligence as a crucial component to medical education. Int J Med Educ. 2015;6(6):179-83. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.5654.3044
28. Genschow O, Klomfar S, D'Haene I, Brass M. Mimicking and anticipating others' actions is linked to Social Information Processing. PLoS One [Internet]. 2018 Mar [cited 2020 october 15];13(3): e0193743. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193743
29. Zautra EK, Zautra AJ, Gallardo CE, Velasco L. Can We Learn to Treat One Another Better? A Test of a Social Intelligence Curriculum. PLoS One [Internet]. 2015 Jun [cited 2020 october 15]; 15;10(6):e0128638. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128638
30. Abrahams L, Pancorbo G, Primi R, Santos D, Kyllonen P, John OP. Social-emotional skill assessment in children and adolescents: Advances and challenges in personality, clinical, and educational contexts. Psychol Assess. 2019;31(4):460-73. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000591
31. Swartz M. Social and Emotional Learning. J Pediatr Health Care. 2017;31(5):521-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2017.06.001
32. Ashton B, Thornton A, Ridley A. An intraspecific appraisal of the social intelligence hypothesis. Philos Trans R Soc. 2018;6(373)1-11.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0288
33. Silman F, Dogan T. Social intelligence as a predictor of loneliness in the workplace. Span J Psychol. 2013;16(36):1-6. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2013.21
34. Salavera C, Usán P, Jarie L. Emotional intelligence and social skills on self-efficacy in Secondary Education students. Are there gender differences? J Adolesc. 2017; 60:39-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.07.009
35. Nightingale S, Spiby H, Sheen K, Slade P. The impact of emotional intelligence in health care professionals on caring behaviour towards patients in clinical and long-term care settings: Findings from an integrative review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2018; 80:106-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.
36. Yeh ZT. Role of theory of mind and executive function in explaining social intelligence: a structural equation modeling approach. Aging Ment Health. 2013;17(5):527-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2012.758235
37. Hampel S, Weis S, Hiller W, Witthöft M. The relations between social anxiety and social intelligence: a latent variable analysis. J Anxiety Disord. 2011;25(4):545-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.01.001
38. Enns A, Eldridge GD, Montgomery C, Gonzalez VM. Perceived stress, coping strategies, and emotional intelligence: A cross-sectional study of university students in helping disciplines. Nurse Educ Today. 2018; 68:226-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2018.06.012
39. Irfan M, Saleem U, Sethi MR, Abdullah AS. Do We Need to Care: Emotional Intellifence and Empathy of Medical And Dental Students. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2019;31(1):76-81
40. Gardner H. Taking a multiple intelligences (MI) perspective. Behav Brain Sci. 2017 Jan;40: e203. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X16001631
41. Nightingale S, Spiby H, Sheen K, Slade P. The impact of emotional intelligence in health care professionals on caring behaviour towards patients in clinical and long-term care settings: Findings from an integrative review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2018;80:106-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.01.006
42. Kaminska AO, Pshuk NG, Martynova YY. Social and emotional intelligence as a basis for communicative resource formation in family caregivers of patients with endogenous mental disorders. Wiad Lek. 2020;73(1):107-12.
43. Blackwelder J. Improving our Emotional Intelligence. Am J Nurs. 2018;118(1):10. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NAJ.0000529697.15321.1b
44. Páez Cala ML, Castaño Castrillón JJ. Inteligencia emocional y rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios. Psicología desde el Caribe. 2015;32(2):268-85.
45. Patel M. Changes to postgraduate medical education in the 21st century. Clin Med. 2016;16(4):311-4. https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.16-4-311
46. Gillies J. Compassion, medical humanities and medical education. Educ Prim Care. 2018;29(2):68-70. https://doi.org/10.1080/14739879.2018.1427004
47. Pfeiffer S, Chen Y, Tsai D. Progress integrating medical humanities into medical education: a global overview. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2016;29(5):298-30. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000265
48. Song P, Tang W. Emphasizing humanities in medical education: Promoting the integration of medical scientific spirit and medical humanistic spirit. Biosci Trends. 2017;1(2):128-13. https://doi.org/10.5582/bst.2017.01092
49. Carragher J, Gormley K. Leadership and emotional intelligence in nursing and midwifery education and practice: a discussion paper. J Adv Nurs. 2017;73(1):85-96. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13141
50. O'Neill D, Jenkins E, Mawhinney R, Cosgrave E, O'Mahony S, Guest C. Rethinking the medical in the medical humanities. Med Humanit. 2016;42(2):109-14. https://doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2015-010831
51. Newell S, Jordan Z. The patient experience of patient-centered communication with nurses in the hospital setting: a qualitative systematic review protocol. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2015;13(1):76-87. https://doi.org/10.11124/jbisrir-2015-1072
52. Adams SB. Empathy as an Ethical Imperative. Creat Nurs. 2018;24(3):166-172. https://doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.24.3.166
53. Sinclair S, Beamer K, Hack TF, McClement S, Raffin Bouchal S, Chochinov HM, Hagen NA. Sympathy, empathy, and compassion: A grounded theory study of palliative care patients' understandings, experiences, and preferences. Palliat Med. 2017;31(5):437-47. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269216316663499
54. Pérez-Fuentes MDC, Molero Jurado MDM, Gázquez Linares JJ, Oropesa Ruiz NF. The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Engagement in Nurses. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(9):1915. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph1509191
55. Salavera C, Usán P, Jarie L. Emotional intelligence and social skills on self-efficacy in Secondary Education students. Are there gender differences? J Adolesc. 2017;60:39-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.07.009
56. Klassen RM, Klassen JRL. Self-efficacy beliefs of medical students: a critical review. Perspect Med Educ. 2018;7(2):76-82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40037-018-0411-3
57. Batt-Rawden SA, Chisolm MS, Anton B, Flickinger TE. Teaching empathy to medical students: an updated, systematic review. Acad Med. 2013;88(8):1171-7.
https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0b013e318299f3e3
58. Papageorgiou A, Miles S, Fromage M. Does medical students' empathy change during their 5-year MBBS degree? Educ Health (Abingdon). 2018;31(3):142-47. https://doi.org/10.4103/efh.EfH_279_17
59. Ghahramani S, Jahromi AT, Khoshsoroor D, Seifooripour R, Sepehrpoor M. The relationship between emotional intelligence and happiness in medical students. Korean J Med Educ. 2019;31(1):29-38. https://doi.org/10.3946/kjme.2019.116
60. Abe K, Niwa M, Fujisaki K, Suzuki Y. Associations between emotional intelligence, empathy and personality in Japanese medical students. BMC Med Educ. 2018;18(1):47. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1165-7
61. Abe K, Evans P, Austin EJ, Suzuki Y, Fujisaki K, Niwa M, Aomatsu M. Expressing one's feelings and listening to others increases emotional intelligence: a pilot study of Asian medical students. BMC Med Educ. 2013;13:82. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-13-82
62. Sugawara A, Ishikawa K, Motoya R, Kobayashi G, Moroi Y, Fukushima T. Characteristics and Gender Differences in the Medical Interview Skills of Japanese Medical Students. Intern Med. 2017;56(12):1507-13. https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.56.8135
63. Sabet F, Zoghoul S, Alahmad M, Al Qudah H. The influence of gender on clinical examination skills of medical students in Jordan: a cross-sectional study. BMC Med Educ. 2020;20(1):98. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02002-x
64. Jha V, Setna Z, Al-Hity A, Quinton ND, Roberts TE. Patient involvement in teaching and assessing intimate examination skills: a systematic review. Med Educ. 2010;44(4):347–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03608.x
65. Gong Z, Chen Y, Wang Y. The Influence of Emotional Intelligence on Job Burnout and Job Performance: Mediating Effect of Psychological Capital. Front Psychol. 2019;10:2707. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02707
66. Park KH, Kim DH, Kim SK, Yi YH, Jeong JH, Chae J, Hwang J, Roh H. The relationships between empathy, stress and social support among medical students. Int J Med Educ. 2015;6:103-8. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.55e6.0d44
67. Pelaccia T, Viau R. Motivation in medical education. Med Teach. 2017;39(2):13640. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2016.1248924
68. Gold JA, Bentzley JP, Franciscus AM, Forte C, De Golia SG. An Intervention in Social Connection: Medical Student Reflection Groups. Acad Psychiatry. 2019;43(4):375-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40596-019-01058-2
69. Schindler S, Kruse O, Stark R, Kissler J. Attributed social context and emotional content recruit frontal and limbic brain regions during virtual feedback processing. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2019;19(2):239-52. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-018-00660-5
70. Niedenthal PM, Brauer M. Social functionality of human emotion. Annu Rev Psychol. 2012;63:259-85 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.121208.131605
71. Barrett KC, Nelson-Goens GC. Emotion communication and the development of the social emotions. New Dir Child Dev. 1997;77:69-88. https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.23219977705
72. Chervonsky E, Hunt C. Suppression and expression of emotion in social and interpersonal outcomes: A meta-analysis. Emotion. 2017;17(4):669-83. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000270
73. Triffaux JM, Tisseron S, Nasello JA. Decline of empathy among medical students: Dehumanization or useful coping process? Encephale. 2019;45(1):3-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2018.05.003
74. Chew BH, Md Zain A, Hassan F. The relationship between the social management of emotional intelligence and academic performance among medical students. Psychol Health Med. 2015;20(2):198-204. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2014.913797
2. Goleman D. La práctica de la inteligencia emocional. Barcelona: Kairós; 1997.
3. Gorgas DL, Greenberger S, Bahner DP, Way DP. Teaching Emotional Intelligence: A Control Group Study of a Brief Educational Intervention for Emergency Medicine Residents. West J Emerg Med. 2015;16(6):899-906. https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2015.8.27304
4. Cher Boon. Emotional intelligence and academic performance in first and final year medical student: a cross-sectional study. BMC Med Educ. 2013;13(13):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-13-44
5. Jimenes L. Thoery of Multiple Intelligences and Their Application in Medicine. Psycol Psychology Res Int J. 2017;2(5):318.
6. Ekman Paul. An argument for basic emotions. Cognition and Emotion. 6th ed. 2008. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699939208411068
7. Campos Joseph. A new perspective on emotions. Child Abuse Neglect. 1984; 8:147-156.
8. Cabanac M. What is emotion? Behav Processes. 2002;60(2):69-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0376-6357(02)00078-5
9. Grewal D, Davidson HA. Emotional intelligence and graduate medical education. JAMA. 2008;300(10):1200-2. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.300.10.1200
10. Goleman D, Boyatzis R. Social intelligence and the biology of leadership. Harv Bus Rev. 2008;86(9):74-81.
11. Salovey P, Mayer JD. Emotional Intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality.1990;9(3):185-211. https://doi.org/10.2190%2FDUGG-P24E-52WK-6CDG
12. Mansel B. Emotional intelligence is essential to leadership. Nurs Stand. 2017;18;(3):21-9. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.31.21.29.s28
13. Ye J, Yeung DY, Liu ESC, Rochelle TL. Sequential mediating effects of provided and received social support on trait emotional intelligence and subjective happiness: A longitudinal examination in Hong Kong Chinese university students. Int J Psychol. 2019;54(4):478-86. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12484
14. Sa B, Ojeh N, Majumder MAA, Nunes P, Williams S, Rao SR, Youssef FF. The relationship between self-esteem, emotional intelligence, and empathy among students from six health professional programs. Teach Learn Med. 2019;31(5):536-43. https://doi.org/10.1080/10401334.2019.1607741
15. Chew BH, Md Zain A, Hassan F. The relationship between the social management of emotional intelligence and academic performance among medical students. Psychol Health Med. 2015;20(2):198-204. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2014.913797
16. Gardner Howard. Educational Implications of the Theory of Multiple Intelligences, Educational Researcher. 1989;18(8):4-10.
17. Prado V, Giménez M, Valero S. The influence of nurse education and training on communication, emotional intelligence, and empathy. Rev Esc Enferm USP [Online]. 2019 July [cited 2020 october];53(29)9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-220x2018015903465
18. Gardner Howard. Reflections on multiple intelligences: Myths and messages. Phi Delta Kappan.1995;72(3):200-09.
19. Boyatzis Richard. Clustering competence in emotional intelligence. In: Bar-On R, Parker J. The Handbook of Emotional Intelligence. San Francisco: Jossey Bass; 1999.
20. Lewis N, Rees C, Hudson J, Bleakley A. Emotional intelligence medical education: measuring the unmeasurable? Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. 2005;10(4):339-55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-005-4861-0
21. Keidar D, Yagoda A. Emotional intelligence, moral, ethics, bio-ethics and what is in between. Med Law. 2014;33(3):131-59.
22. Kantor B, Kantor J. Importance of Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence for Physicians. JAMA. 2018;10;(2):204-06. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.6278
23. Kaminska AO, Pshuk NG, Martynova Y. Social and emotional intelligence as a basis for communicative resource formation in family caregivers of patients with endogenous mental disorders. Wiad Lek. 2020;73(1):107-12.
24. Stoller J, Farver C, Taylor C. Emotional intelligence competencies provide a developmental curriculum for medical training. Med Teach. 2013;35(3):243–247. https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2012.737964
25. Todres M, Tsimtsiou Z, Stephenson A, Jones R. The emotional intelligence of medical students: an exploratory cross-sectional study. Med Teach. 2010;32(1):42-8. https://doi.org/10.3109/01421590903199668
26. Seritan A, Hunt J, Shy A, Rea M, Worley L. The state of medical student wellness: a call for culture change. Acad Psychiatry. 2012;36(1):7-10. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ap.10030042
27. Johnson D. Emotional intelligence as a crucial component to medical education. Int J Med Educ. 2015;6(6):179-83. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.5654.3044
28. Genschow O, Klomfar S, D'Haene I, Brass M. Mimicking and anticipating others' actions is linked to Social Information Processing. PLoS One [Internet]. 2018 Mar [cited 2020 october 15];13(3): e0193743. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193743
29. Zautra EK, Zautra AJ, Gallardo CE, Velasco L. Can We Learn to Treat One Another Better? A Test of a Social Intelligence Curriculum. PLoS One [Internet]. 2015 Jun [cited 2020 october 15]; 15;10(6):e0128638. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128638
30. Abrahams L, Pancorbo G, Primi R, Santos D, Kyllonen P, John OP. Social-emotional skill assessment in children and adolescents: Advances and challenges in personality, clinical, and educational contexts. Psychol Assess. 2019;31(4):460-73. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000591
31. Swartz M. Social and Emotional Learning. J Pediatr Health Care. 2017;31(5):521-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2017.06.001
32. Ashton B, Thornton A, Ridley A. An intraspecific appraisal of the social intelligence hypothesis. Philos Trans R Soc. 2018;6(373)1-11.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0288
33. Silman F, Dogan T. Social intelligence as a predictor of loneliness in the workplace. Span J Psychol. 2013;16(36):1-6. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2013.21
34. Salavera C, Usán P, Jarie L. Emotional intelligence and social skills on self-efficacy in Secondary Education students. Are there gender differences? J Adolesc. 2017; 60:39-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.07.009
35. Nightingale S, Spiby H, Sheen K, Slade P. The impact of emotional intelligence in health care professionals on caring behaviour towards patients in clinical and long-term care settings: Findings from an integrative review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2018; 80:106-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.
36. Yeh ZT. Role of theory of mind and executive function in explaining social intelligence: a structural equation modeling approach. Aging Ment Health. 2013;17(5):527-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2012.758235
37. Hampel S, Weis S, Hiller W, Witthöft M. The relations between social anxiety and social intelligence: a latent variable analysis. J Anxiety Disord. 2011;25(4):545-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.01.001
38. Enns A, Eldridge GD, Montgomery C, Gonzalez VM. Perceived stress, coping strategies, and emotional intelligence: A cross-sectional study of university students in helping disciplines. Nurse Educ Today. 2018; 68:226-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2018.06.012
39. Irfan M, Saleem U, Sethi MR, Abdullah AS. Do We Need to Care: Emotional Intellifence and Empathy of Medical And Dental Students. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2019;31(1):76-81
40. Gardner H. Taking a multiple intelligences (MI) perspective. Behav Brain Sci. 2017 Jan;40: e203. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X16001631
41. Nightingale S, Spiby H, Sheen K, Slade P. The impact of emotional intelligence in health care professionals on caring behaviour towards patients in clinical and long-term care settings: Findings from an integrative review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2018;80:106-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.01.006
42. Kaminska AO, Pshuk NG, Martynova YY. Social and emotional intelligence as a basis for communicative resource formation in family caregivers of patients with endogenous mental disorders. Wiad Lek. 2020;73(1):107-12.
43. Blackwelder J. Improving our Emotional Intelligence. Am J Nurs. 2018;118(1):10. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NAJ.0000529697.15321.1b
44. Páez Cala ML, Castaño Castrillón JJ. Inteligencia emocional y rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios. Psicología desde el Caribe. 2015;32(2):268-85.
45. Patel M. Changes to postgraduate medical education in the 21st century. Clin Med. 2016;16(4):311-4. https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.16-4-311
46. Gillies J. Compassion, medical humanities and medical education. Educ Prim Care. 2018;29(2):68-70. https://doi.org/10.1080/14739879.2018.1427004
47. Pfeiffer S, Chen Y, Tsai D. Progress integrating medical humanities into medical education: a global overview. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2016;29(5):298-30. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000265
48. Song P, Tang W. Emphasizing humanities in medical education: Promoting the integration of medical scientific spirit and medical humanistic spirit. Biosci Trends. 2017;1(2):128-13. https://doi.org/10.5582/bst.2017.01092
49. Carragher J, Gormley K. Leadership and emotional intelligence in nursing and midwifery education and practice: a discussion paper. J Adv Nurs. 2017;73(1):85-96. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13141
50. O'Neill D, Jenkins E, Mawhinney R, Cosgrave E, O'Mahony S, Guest C. Rethinking the medical in the medical humanities. Med Humanit. 2016;42(2):109-14. https://doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2015-010831
51. Newell S, Jordan Z. The patient experience of patient-centered communication with nurses in the hospital setting: a qualitative systematic review protocol. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2015;13(1):76-87. https://doi.org/10.11124/jbisrir-2015-1072
52. Adams SB. Empathy as an Ethical Imperative. Creat Nurs. 2018;24(3):166-172. https://doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.24.3.166
53. Sinclair S, Beamer K, Hack TF, McClement S, Raffin Bouchal S, Chochinov HM, Hagen NA. Sympathy, empathy, and compassion: A grounded theory study of palliative care patients' understandings, experiences, and preferences. Palliat Med. 2017;31(5):437-47. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269216316663499
54. Pérez-Fuentes MDC, Molero Jurado MDM, Gázquez Linares JJ, Oropesa Ruiz NF. The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Engagement in Nurses. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(9):1915. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph1509191
55. Salavera C, Usán P, Jarie L. Emotional intelligence and social skills on self-efficacy in Secondary Education students. Are there gender differences? J Adolesc. 2017;60:39-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.07.009
56. Klassen RM, Klassen JRL. Self-efficacy beliefs of medical students: a critical review. Perspect Med Educ. 2018;7(2):76-82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40037-018-0411-3
57. Batt-Rawden SA, Chisolm MS, Anton B, Flickinger TE. Teaching empathy to medical students: an updated, systematic review. Acad Med. 2013;88(8):1171-7.
https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0b013e318299f3e3
58. Papageorgiou A, Miles S, Fromage M. Does medical students' empathy change during their 5-year MBBS degree? Educ Health (Abingdon). 2018;31(3):142-47. https://doi.org/10.4103/efh.EfH_279_17
59. Ghahramani S, Jahromi AT, Khoshsoroor D, Seifooripour R, Sepehrpoor M. The relationship between emotional intelligence and happiness in medical students. Korean J Med Educ. 2019;31(1):29-38. https://doi.org/10.3946/kjme.2019.116
60. Abe K, Niwa M, Fujisaki K, Suzuki Y. Associations between emotional intelligence, empathy and personality in Japanese medical students. BMC Med Educ. 2018;18(1):47. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1165-7
61. Abe K, Evans P, Austin EJ, Suzuki Y, Fujisaki K, Niwa M, Aomatsu M. Expressing one's feelings and listening to others increases emotional intelligence: a pilot study of Asian medical students. BMC Med Educ. 2013;13:82. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-13-82
62. Sugawara A, Ishikawa K, Motoya R, Kobayashi G, Moroi Y, Fukushima T. Characteristics and Gender Differences in the Medical Interview Skills of Japanese Medical Students. Intern Med. 2017;56(12):1507-13. https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.56.8135
63. Sabet F, Zoghoul S, Alahmad M, Al Qudah H. The influence of gender on clinical examination skills of medical students in Jordan: a cross-sectional study. BMC Med Educ. 2020;20(1):98. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02002-x
64. Jha V, Setna Z, Al-Hity A, Quinton ND, Roberts TE. Patient involvement in teaching and assessing intimate examination skills: a systematic review. Med Educ. 2010;44(4):347–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03608.x
65. Gong Z, Chen Y, Wang Y. The Influence of Emotional Intelligence on Job Burnout and Job Performance: Mediating Effect of Psychological Capital. Front Psychol. 2019;10:2707. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02707
66. Park KH, Kim DH, Kim SK, Yi YH, Jeong JH, Chae J, Hwang J, Roh H. The relationships between empathy, stress and social support among medical students. Int J Med Educ. 2015;6:103-8. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.55e6.0d44
67. Pelaccia T, Viau R. Motivation in medical education. Med Teach. 2017;39(2):13640. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2016.1248924
68. Gold JA, Bentzley JP, Franciscus AM, Forte C, De Golia SG. An Intervention in Social Connection: Medical Student Reflection Groups. Acad Psychiatry. 2019;43(4):375-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40596-019-01058-2
69. Schindler S, Kruse O, Stark R, Kissler J. Attributed social context and emotional content recruit frontal and limbic brain regions during virtual feedback processing. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2019;19(2):239-52. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-018-00660-5
70. Niedenthal PM, Brauer M. Social functionality of human emotion. Annu Rev Psychol. 2012;63:259-85 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.121208.131605
71. Barrett KC, Nelson-Goens GC. Emotion communication and the development of the social emotions. New Dir Child Dev. 1997;77:69-88. https://doi.org/10.1002/cd.23219977705
72. Chervonsky E, Hunt C. Suppression and expression of emotion in social and interpersonal outcomes: A meta-analysis. Emotion. 2017;17(4):669-83. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000270
73. Triffaux JM, Tisseron S, Nasello JA. Decline of empathy among medical students: Dehumanization or useful coping process? Encephale. 2019;45(1):3-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2018.05.003
74. Chew BH, Md Zain A, Hassan F. The relationship between the social management of emotional intelligence and academic performance among medical students. Psychol Health Med. 2015;20(2):198-204. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2014.913797
Descargas
Archivos adicionales
Publicado
2021-07-22
Cómo citar
Cerdio Dominguez, D., Millán Zurita, P., Cedillo Urbina, A. C., Félix Castro, J. M., & Del Campo Turcios, E. C. (2021). Social intelligence, an elementary competence in the development of the doctor-patient relationship. Proceedings of Scientific Research Universidad Anáhuac. Multidisciplinary Journal of Healthcare, 1(1), 52–61. https://doi.org/10.36105/psrua.2021v1n1.07
Número
Sección
Review Articles
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2021 David Cerdio Dominguez, Paulina Millán Zurita, Alma Cristina Cedillo Urbina, José Marcos Félix Castro, Elvia Cristina Del Campo Turcios
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Todo el contenido intelectual que se encuentra en la presente publicación periódica se licencia al público consumidor bajo la figura de Creative Commons©, salvo que el autor de dicho contenido hubiere pactado en contrario o limitado dicha facultad a “Proceedings of Scientific Research Universidad Anáhuac. Multidisciplinary Journal of Healthcare©” o “Universidad Anáhuac México©” por escrito y expresamente.
Proceedings of Scientific Research Universidad Anáhuac. Multidisciplinary Journal of Healthcare se distribuye bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No comercial-Sin derivados 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
El autor conserva los derechos patrimoniales sin restricciones y garantiza a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación del trabajo. El autor es libre de publicar en cualquier otro medio su artículo, como un repositorio institucional.
